Geophysical Investigations

Clifton offers specialty non-invasive and non-destructive geophysical surveys that can model soil profiles across a site, locate buried objects, map groundwater, delineate environmental contamination, and measure physical and engineering soil properties. Geophysical methods enhance or replace geotechnical and environmental drilling programs and facilitate data acquisition in unusual terrain.

Acoustic Methods

Seismic Refraction, Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), and Refraction Microtremor (ReMi), measure subsurface variations in acoustic wave velocities. Acoustic velocities are related to soil strength, density, stiffness, and stability.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

GPR measures signal reflections from materials with contrasting dielectric properties. These interfaces are often related to buried metal, voids, the water table, or soil stratigraphy.

 Electrical Methods

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Electromagnetic (EM) surveys measure electrical resistivity variations in the subsurface. Resistivity contrasts are often related to sand & gravel deposits, lithological variations, brine contamination, and buried metal.